On 25 June 2021 the Biological Product Patent Transparency (BPPT) amendments to 42 US Code (USC) Section 262(k) of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) will take effect. Those amendments make publication of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "Purple Book" mandatory, require that the Purple Book include additional information – including patent lists provided by a reference product sponsor (RPS) to a biosimilar applicant pursuant to 42 USC Section 262(l)(3)(A) or (l)(7) – and require that the FDA update the Purple Book every 30 days.
The Purple Book is an electronic reference that, to date, has been published voluntarily by the FDA, and that lists certain information for biologics licence applications (BLAs), including the BLA applicant's name and BLA number, the date on which the biological product was licensed by the FDA and whether the product has been determined to be biosimilar to or interchangeable with a reference product.
Under the BPPT amendments, which will appear at 42 USC Section 262(k)(9), publication of the Purple Book will be mandatory, and the Purple Book must provide:
- for each reference product, a list of patents that have been included on an RPS's 42 USC Section 262(l)(3)(A) or (l)(7) list (which set forth patents owned or licensed exclusively by the RPS and for which the RPS "believes a claim of patent infringement could reasonably be asserted" against a biosimilar applicant); and
- each reference product exclusivity period and each first interchangeable exclusivity period "for which FDA has determined such biological product to be eligible and for which such period has not concluded".(1)
Although the BPPT amendments require the publication of those two additional categories of information, they do not impose any obligation to generate new information specifically for the Purple Book. As to patents, the amendments require only that an RPS disclose those (l)(3)(A) or (l)(7) patent lists that the RPS has provided to biosimilar applicants as part of the BPCIA's "patent dance" – and the patent dance is not mandatory. As to exclusivities, the amendments do not oblige the FDA to determine, prospectively, all exclusivity periods for all reference and interchangeable products; rather, the FDA is required to list in the Purple Book only those exclusivity periods for which it "has determined a biological product to be eligible".
The BPPT amendments additionally require removal from the Purple Book of any biological product for which a BLA has been revoked or suspended "for reasons of safety, purity, or potency".(2)
Submitting (l)(3)(A) and (l)(7) lists to FDA
The BPPT amendments require that an RPS provide a (l)(3)(A) or (l)(7) patent list to the FDA no later than 30 days after such a list has been provided by the RPS to a biosimilar applicant.(3) The FDA has instructed RPSs to submit those lists (along with a cover letter) to the FDA via its Electronic Submissions Gateway, in the form of an Excel spreadsheet with the following fields:
- reference product BLA number;
- applicant name;
- proprietary name;
- proper name;
- patent number; and
- patent expiration date.(4)
An email copy of the cover letter and spreadsheet should also be sent to [email protected].(5)
For subsequent patent lists, the FDA advises RPSs to:
[o]nly include additional patents and their corresponding expiration dates in an update submission. Applicants do not need to duplicate information already submitted in an initial list or previous update submission.(6)
As to when patent listings will start appearing in the Purple Book, the FDA indicates that it:
will begin publishing patent lists in the Purple Book not later than 180 days after the date of enactment (June 25, 2021), or when FDA has received any such lists from reference product sponsors, whichever is later. FDA subsequently will revise the list on a monthly basis to include any additional initial lists and any updates from subsequent or supplemental lists.(7)
Endnotes
(1) 42 USC Section 262(k)(9)(A)(iii)-(iv).
(2) 42 USC Section 262(k)(9)(B).
(3) 42 USC Section 262(k)(9)(A)(iii).
(4) For further information please click here.
